Language Development of Non-handicapped Low Birth Weight Infants

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental delay in non- handicapped low birth weight infants, with an emphasis on the delayed language development and the perinatal risk factors affected early language development. METHODS: The sample consisted of 31 preterm infants with birth weight less than or equal to 2,000 g who had no obvious neurological impairment at the age of 18-32 months. Each infant was assessed using three instruments; the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, the Capute Scales, and the Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI). RESULTS: On Bayley Scales of Infant Development, mental developmental index (MDI) was 81.0+/-17.1 and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) was 90.3+/-13.7. On the Capute scales, 38.7% of infants exhibited a significant language delay, below 70 at the age of 18- 32 months. On the SELSI, expressive language was delayed 5.7 months, receptive language, 5.4 months. On the Capute scales, expressive language was significantly related with gestational age and duration of oxygen therapy. Receptive language was associated with gestational age only. On the SELSI, language developmental quotient was influenced by gestational age, days on ventilation, and duration of oxygen therapy. CONCLUSION: 38.7% of non-handicapped low birth weight infants exhibited clinically significant delay in language development at the age of 18-32 months. Language delay was significantly related with gestational age, days on ventilation, and duration of oxygen therapy. The most single significant perinatal risk factor for language delay was gestational age.

The Relationship between Developmental Quotient in Children with Delayed Language Development and Later Intellectual Quotient / 소아과

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to test the predictive validity of developmental test for later intellectual development in young children with delayed language development. METHODS: The study subjects were 66 children who had presented delayed language development and had an initial developmental test and a follow-up intelligence test. The mean age at initial test was 34.2 months(17-48 months), and the mean age at the follow-up test was 55.0 months(40-79.5 months). RESULTS: According to CAT DQ(Cognitive Adaptive Test Developmental Quotient), 66 children were divided into 4 groups: group I(CAT DQ = or85). There was a moderate correlation between CAT DQ and later total IQ in group I(r=0.58) and II(r= 0.50), but a low correlation in group III(r=0.19) and IV(r=-0.16). IQs in follow-up tests of all children in group I and II were lower than 70, except two children whose IQs were 75 and 78. IQs of children in group III were lower than 85 except for three children whose IQs were 89, 89, and 90, respectively. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that if DQ is lower than 70, the child is highly probable to be mentally subnormal in later years. Although the correlation between CAT DQ and later total IQ is low in children with DQs over 70, if a DQ is between 70 and 84, the child is very likely to have learning disability in later years.

A Clinical Evaluation of the Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Studies in Infants and Early Children

PURPOSE: Even though the causes and appearance of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions vary with age, attention has seldomly been focused on the infancy and early childhood. This study aimed to provide, as basic material, the experience of esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) in infants and early children. METHODS: The objects were 66 patients(male 40, female 26) who underwent EGD examination in case of endoscopic indication at department of pediatrics of Taegu Hyosung Catholic University Hospital from March 1993 to February 1996. The scope of study included age distribution, chief complaints, endoscopic findings, final diagnosis. RESULTS: 1) The frequency of age distribution was 31.8% under 12 months, 16.6% in 13-24 months, 7.5% in 25-36 months, 7.5% in 37-48 months, 19.6% in 49-60 months and 16.6% in 61-72 months. The 48.4% of total application was done in children under 24 months. 2) The indications were vomiting(29.4%), epigastric pain(20.0%), melena or hematemesis(20.0%), chronic diarrhea(12.9%), recurrent abdominal pain(8.2%), foreign body ingestion(3.5%), drug intoxication(2.3%), chronic cough(1.1%), generalized edema(1.1%) and diagnosis of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(1.1%). 3) Endoscopic findings were chronic gastritis or duodenitis(21.2%), gastric or duodenal ulcer(13.6%), acute gastritis or duodenitis(7.5%), acute hemorrhagic gastritis or duodenitis(6.0%), reflux esophagitis(4.5%), pyloric stenosis(4.5%), pseudomembranous esophagitis(1.5%), esophageal varix(1.5%), gastric polyp(1.5%), dilatation of distal esophagus (1.5%), whitish discharge through the duodenum(1.5%) and nonspecific findings(34.8%). 4) Final diagnosis were gastroduodenal mucosal lesions with unidentified underlying diseases(37.8%), protracted diarrhea(16.6%), gastroesophageal reflux disease(4.5%), cyclic vomiting syndrome(4.5%), cow's milk allergy(4.5%), idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(4.5%), foreign body removal(4.5%), recurrent abdominal pain syndrome(3.0%), drug intoxication(3.0%), Henoch-Schoenlein purpura(1.5%), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (1.5%), portal vein thrombosis(1.5%), esophageal web(1.5%), intestinal lymphangiectasia (1.5%), small intestinal hemangioma(1.5%), fungal esophagitis(1.5%) and unidentified underlying disease(6.0%). 5) The practices of EGD in infants and early children were done without serious adverse effects. The occurrence of bradycardia was developed in a newborn case during the procedure and was improved shortly after removal of scopy. CONCLUSIONS: The EGD studies were useful means of identifying the upper gastrointestinal anatomy and pathology in infants and early children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The practice of pediatric EGD in infants and early children was done without serious side effects. Pediatric EGD is now an integral part of the practice of pediatric gastroenterology.

A Clinical Evaluation of the Esophagogastroduodenoscopy Studies in Infants and Early Children

PURPOSE: Even though the causes and appearance of upper gastrointestinal tract lesions vary with age, attention has seldomly been focused on the infancy and early childhood. This study aimed to provide, as basic material, the experience of esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) in infants and early children. METHODS: The objects were 66 patients(male 40, female 26) who underwent EGD examination in case of endoscopic indication at department of pediatrics of Taegu Hyosung Catholic University Hospital from March 1993 to February 1996. The scope of study included age distribution, chief complaints, endoscopic findings, final diagnosis. RESULTS: 1) The frequency of age distribution was 31.8% under 12 months, 16.6% in 13-24 months, 7.5% in 25-36 months, 7.5% in 37-48 months, 19.6% in 49-60 months and 16.6% in 61-72 months. The 48.4% of total application was done in children under 24 months. 2) The indications were vomiting(29.4%), epigastric pain(20.0%), melena or hematemesis(20.0%), chronic diarrhea(12.9%), recurrent abdominal pain(8.2%), foreign body ingestion(3.5%), drug intoxication(2.3%), chronic cough(1.1%), generalized edema(1.1%) and diagnosis of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(1.1%). 3) Endoscopic findings were chronic gastritis or duodenitis(21.2%), gastric or duodenal ulcer(13.6%), acute gastritis or duodenitis(7.5%), acute hemorrhagic gastritis or duodenitis(6.0%), reflux esophagitis(4.5%), pyloric stenosis(4.5%), pseudomembranous esophagitis(1.5%), esophageal varix(1.5%), gastric polyp(1.5%), dilatation of distal esophagus (1.5%), whitish discharge through the duodenum(1.5%) and nonspecific findings(34.8%). 4) Final diagnosis were gastroduodenal mucosal lesions with unidentified underlying diseases(37.8%), protracted diarrhea(16.6%), gastroesophageal reflux disease(4.5%), cyclic vomiting syndrome(4.5%), cow's milk allergy(4.5%), idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(4.5%), foreign body removal(4.5%), recurrent abdominal pain syndrome(3.0%), drug intoxication(3.0%), Henoch-Schoenlein purpura(1.5%), Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (1.5%), portal vein thrombosis(1.5%), esophageal web(1.5%), intestinal lymphangiectasia (1.5%), small intestinal hemangioma(1.5%), fungal esophagitis(1.5%) and unidentified underlying disease(6.0%). 5) The practices of EGD in infants and early children were done without serious adverse effects. The occurrence of bradycardia was developed in a newborn case during the procedure and was improved shortly after removal of scopy. CONCLUSIONS: The EGD studies were useful means of identifying the upper gastrointestinal anatomy and pathology in infants and early children with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The practice of pediatric EGD in infants and early children was done without serious side effects. Pediatric EGD is now an integral part of the practice of pediatric gastroenterology.